Dynamics of Change in US Foreign Policy
The foreign policy of the United States (US) has experienced various dynamics since World War II. US alignments in international affairs are influenced by geostrategic, economic and social changes. One important moment was the end of the Cold War which ushered the US into an era of unipolarity. In this period, US foreign policy tended to prioritize democratization and military intervention, for example in Kosovo and Iraq.
In the early 2000s, global terrorism, especially after the attacks of September 11, 2001, radically changed US foreign policy priorities. The US responded with a war on terror, involving itself in Afghanistan and Iraq, which had an impact on regional stability. The policy is often criticized for ignoring diplomacy and relying on military force.
In the midst of Barack Obama’s presidency, there was an emphasis on multilateral diplomacy. The “Pivot to Asia” strategy reflects new US attention to the Asia-Pacific region, following China’s growing power. The TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership) agreement was one of the steps to strengthen trade relations with countries in the region, although it was ultimately not approved by the president who succeeded him, Donald Trump.
Under Trump’s leadership, US foreign policy underwent dramatic changes. The “America First” approach emphasizes reducing international involvement and prioritizing national interests. Trump withdrew from international agreements such as the TPP and Paris Agreement, and tightened relations with allied countries that were deemed not to provide benefits for the US. This strategy fueled tensions with allied countries and even influenced international organizations.
When Joe Biden took office, he sought to restore the US’ traditional role in global diplomacy. Biden’s foreign policy focuses on collaboration with allies, addressing climate change, and diplomacy with China and Russia. Handling the COVID-19 pandemic is also an important part of the foreign agenda, showing the importance of global health.
Recent developments show that US foreign policy is not only influenced by changes in leadership, but also by complex global challenges. Issues such as climate change, political instability and regional conflicts remain challenges that must be faced. With an increasingly connected world, future US foreign policy needs to be adaptive and responsive to these dynamics, while maintaining the democratic values that are its main foundation.
The influence of technology and social media is now taking part in shaping public opinion regarding foreign policy. Disinformation and propaganda are new challenges that the US government must overcome in order to maintain global leadership.
In addition, US relations with countries in the Middle East region, especially Iran and Saudi Arabia, have jumped back into focus. US foreign policy will continue to move as geopolitical conditions change, and new international agreements may emerge to respond to these challenges. This fact indicates that the dynamics of changes in US foreign policy will continue, influenced by the ever-changing domestic and global situation.